The paper analyzes citizens' awareness of excise duties in the Republic of Croatia and their implications for fiscal policy and broader societal goals. The research focuses on citizens' perception of excise taxes, the level of their awareness, and how these factors influence consumer attitudes and behavior. The aim of the research is to determine the extent to which citizens are aware of the excise duties applied to products such as alcohol, tobacco products, and fuel, and how this awareness affects their consumption and views on tax policy. Special attention is given to analyzing variations in awareness across different demographic groups, as well as the impact of media information and educational campaigns on awareness of excise duties. The research results show that differences in awareness often lead to varying attitudes toward the justification and function of excise taxes. Some citizens perceive excise duties solely as a fiscal instrument, while others recognize their non-fiscal aspects, such as environmental protection, reducing harmful consumption, and improving public health. The paper also analyzes the fundamental reasons and objectives for the implementation of excise duties, emphasizing fiscal aspects, such as increasing state budget revenue, and non-fiscal aspects, such as regulating consumption, reducing negative externalities, and encouraging healthier behavior among citizens. In conclusion, the research highlights the importance of clearer communication between authorities and citizens about the purpose and benefits of excise duties to enhance understanding and support for this form of taxation in the public sphere.