This thesis analyzes the International Financial Reporting Standard 16 (IFRS 16), which refers to the accounting treatment of leases. IFRS 16, which entered into force on January 11, 2019, represents a significant change in the way lessees report their leases. The standard was introduced to ensure greater transparency and consistency in the presentation of leases in financial statements. The main objective of IFRS 16 is to eliminate the distinction between finance and operating leases, requiring that all leases, except for short-term and low-value leases, be recognized as assets and liabilities. The paper examines key aspects of IFRS 16, including right-of-use assets, and relates to the valuation and recognition of right-of-use assets, lease liabilities and lease liability valuation methodology, including discounting future payments, the impact on financial statements such as the statement on the financial position, the statement of comprehensive income, the statement of cash flows and the impact on financial indicators, and a comparison is made with the previous standard and the differences between IFRS 16 and the previous standard (IAS 17) and their impact on the financial statements. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the importance of IFRS 16 for increasing the transparency and reliability of financial statements. However, the implementation of this standard brings challenges that require significant resources and adaptation of business processes. Successful implementation of IFRS 16 can lead to better management of assets and liabilities, but requires careful planning and professional guidance.