Physiocratism is an economic theory developed by French Enlightenment economists in the 18th century. Their basic beliefs were that the wealth of nations derives solely from the value of "land agriculture" or "land development" and that agricultural products should be highly valued. This theory gained popularity in France during the second half of the 18th century and became one of the first well-developed theories of economics. Physiocrats viewed the production of goods and services as equivalent to the consumption of agricultural surplus, given that human or animal muscles were the main source of power, and all energy obtained from surplus agricultural production. Despite its importance, physiocratism was not without its critics. Some of the key criticisms include an overemphasis on agriculture, neglect of other sectors of the economy, ignoring the role of labor and capital, limiting the role of trade and finance, and a lack of flexibility and practical solutions. Nevertheless, the legacy of physiocratism and its representatives had a lasting impact on economic thought. Their contributions to the development of economic science, the emphasis on the free market, the importance of agriculture and the limited role of the state remain important and relevant in contemporary economic analyzes and policies. Contemporary economic science continuously develops and expands theories, but the foundations of physiocratism remain an important part of the history of economic thought and play a key role in understanding economic relations and policies. Through critiques and perspectives of physiocratism, the economic discipline is constantly improving and adapting to contemporary challenges and needs of society.