The concept of human capital is a very broad concept and still does not have an agreed definition. Human capital is defined differently by each individual author. Given all the definitions and theories of the author, human capital is reduced to the same thing, to the importance of human capital and the importance of education. The value and quality of human capital in today’s modern economy is related to the level of education. Constant investment in education is needed to provide a sufficient number of individuals with the necessary knowledge and skills. Human capital plays a very significant role in the national economy. The most important role in the economy is related to economic growth, which is also the topic of this paper. Economic growth is the fundamental economic goal of every country. Economic growth means an increase in the value of goods and services in the economy. Economic growth implies an increase in the wealth or income of a country. The paper presents the role of human capital on the example of the countries of the European Union and the Republic of Croatia.