The subject of the final paper are women in the labour market from the past to the present, the current knowledge and the examination of the position of women on the labour market. The aim of the paper is to present the data on the labour markets in the European Union about the difference in wages among women and men (gender pay gap (GPG), the share of female labour in the total female population, the share of labour in the total population, the share of highly educated labour in the working-age population of highly educated women and the share of women in national parliaments. Published data from the World Bank and Eurostat is used for the analysis. This paper aims to give an overview of the employment and unemployment of women and the differences concerning men and the participation of women in performing entrepreneurial and managerial activities. Within the research part, this paper aims to analyze the differences in wages between women and men in the labour markets (GPG) in the European Union in the period from 2010 to 2018, i.e. and to determine whether there is a relationship between GPG in % and indicators of economic growth, i.e. annual growth rates GDP per capita. Also, within the European Union, the paper will examine the relationship between GPG in % and the percentage of the female labour force in the total female population, the percentage of a highly educated female labour force of the total female working-age population with higher education, the percentage of the total labour force to the total population, the percentage of women's seats in national parliaments. Correlation and regression analysis are used for the analysis of the collected data, which are calculated in the programming language and environment for statistical calculations and visualization "R".