Title Analiza dugoročne održivosti sustava mirovinskog osiguranja u Hrvatskoj
Title (english) Analysis of love-term sustainability of the pension insurance system in Croatia
Author Filip Borković
Mentor Bojana Olgić Draženović (mentor)
Committee member Bojana Olgić Draženović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Ana Marija Sikirić Simčić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Dario Maradin (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Rijeka Faculty of Economics and Business Rijeka
Defense date and country 2023-03-30, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline SOCIAL SCIENCES Economics
Abstract Mirovinsko osiguranje je vrsta socijalnog osiguranja. Sustav funkcionira tako da članovi sustava i njihovi poslodavci doprinose plaćama tijekom cijelog radnog vijeka. Odlaskom u mirovinu umirovljenici stječu pravo na mjesečnu isplatu odnosno mirovinu. Reformama u Hrvatskoj unaprijedio se je mirovinski sustav u kombinaciju javnog i privatnog modela odnosno prijašnji sustav temeljen na međugeneracijskoj solidarnosti dopunjen je s dva stupa kapitalizirane štednje. Glavni cilj hrvatske mirovinske reforme je zaustaviti priljev novih umirovljenika, smanjiti financijsko opterećenje mirovinskog osiguranja i prilagoditi mirovinsko osiguranje novim tržišnim uvjetima u gospodarstvu. Sadašnji mirovinski sustav uspostavljen je Zakonom o mirovinskom osiguranju (NN 102/98), kojim su uz sustav međugeneracijske solidarnosti uvedena dva stupa s kapitalizacijom, doprinosima i obračunom naknada za zaposlene. Ovim zakonom uspostavljeni su fondovi za drugi obvezni odnosno treći dobrovoljni mirovinski stup. Ravnoteža između aktivne radne snage i umirovljenika sve je lošija i ako se nastavi mogla rezultirati neodrživim mirovinskim sustavom. Mirovine u Hrvatskoj trenutno se gotovo svim umirovljenicima isplaćuju preko sustava međugeneracijske solidarnosti, samo mali broj stanovnika prima mirovinu kombinacijom međugeneracijske solidarnosti i kapitalizirane štednje no taj broj je sve veći. Cilj rada je analiza dugoročne održivosti mirovinskog sustava međugeneracijske solidarnosti, prema hipotezi da dvostupni mirovinski sustav rezultirati manjim mirovinama za nove umirovljenike u usporedbi s jednostupnim modelom, a hrvatski mirovinski sustav neće biti dugoročno održiv bez sveobuhvatnih reformi. Izvješće Europske komisije Ageing Reporta (2021) prognozira glavne trendove ekonomskih i demografskih pokazatelja za sve članice EU-a, na temelju pojedinih metodologija, smjernica i standarda. Koristeći prognoze kretanja broja zaposlenih i broja umirovljenika iz izvještaja Ageing Report (Europska Komisija, 2021), prognoze prosječne bruto plaće kao i prognoze izdavanja za mirovine od strane države zajedno sa prihodima državnog proračuna od doprinosa za mirovinsko osiguranje u 2020. godini prognozirat će se kretanja prosječnih plaća i ukupnog džţavnog proračuna za razdoblje od 2021. do 2070.
Abstract (english) Pension insurance is a type of social insurance. The system works so that members of the system and their employers contribute to wages throughout their working life. Upon retirement, pensioners acquire the right to a monthly payment or pension. Reforms in Croatia improved the pension system into a combination of public and private models, that is, the previous system based on intergenerational solidarity was supplemented with two pillars of capitalized savings. The main goal of the Croatian pension reform is to stop the influx of new pensioners, reduce the financial burden of pension insurance and adapt pension insurance to new market conditions in the economy. The current pension system was established by the Zakon o mirovinskom osiguranju (NN 102/98), which, in addition to the system of intergenerational solidarity, introduced two pillars with capitalization, contributions and calculation of benefits for employees. This law established funds for the second mandatory and third voluntary pension pillar. The balance between the active workforce and retirees is getting worse and if it continues could result in an unsustainable pension system. Pensions in Croatia are currently paid to almost all pensioners through the system of intergenerational solidarity, only a small number of residents receive a pension through a combination of intergenerational solidarity and capitalized savings, but that number is increasing. The aim of the paper is to analyze the long-term sustainability of the pension system of intergenerational solidarity, according to the hypothesis that the two-tier pension system will result in smaller pensions for new retirees compared to the one-tier model, and the Croatian pension system will not be sustainable in the long term without comprehensive reforms. The European Commission's Aging Report (2021) forecasts the main trends in economic and demographic indicators for all EU members, based on certain methodologies, guidelines and standards. Using the forecasts of trends in the number of employees and the number of pensioners from the Aging Report (European Commission, 2021), forecasts of the average gross salary as well as forecasts of the issuance of pensions by the state together with revenues of the state budget from contributions to pension insurance in 2020 will be forecasted. of average salaries and the total state budget for the period from 2021 to 2070.
Keywords
mirovinsko osiguranje
starosne mirovine
demografija Republike Hrvatske
financijska održivost
generacijska solidarnost
Keywords (english)
pension insurance
old-age pensions
demography of the Republic of Croatia
financial sustainability
generational solidarity
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:192:602823
Study programme Title: Business economics; specializations in: Finance, Entrepreneurship, Management, Finance and Accounting, Marketing, International Business, IT Business Course: Finance and Accounting Study programme type: university Study level: graduate Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra ekonomije (sveučilišni/a magistar/magistra ekonomije)
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Created on 2023-04-24 16:13:52