| Abstract | Hrvatski operator prijenosnog sustava (u daljnjem tekstu: HOPS) kao član ENTSO-E-a
sudjeluje u ITC (engl. „Inter Transmission System Operator Compensation“; u daljnjem
tekstu: ITC mehanizam) mehanizmu i stoga na mjesečnoj razini izrađuje analizu gubitaka
nastalih uslijed tranzita kroz svoju elektroenergetsku mrežu. Gubici nastali uslijed tranzita
su pozitivnog predznaka ako su susjedni, a ponekad i udaljeniji operatori prijenosnog
sustava (TSO-ovi) s kojima nemamo fizičku granicu utjecali na tokove snage po
dalekovodima Hrvatskog operatora prijenosnog sustava (HOPS-a), dok su negativnog
predznaka ako je HOPS utjecao na tokove snage drugih TSO-ova.
U radu se opisuje općenito ITC mehanizam, analizira se utjecaj tranzita na tokove snage po
dalekovodima i time nastale gubitke te utjecaj promjene topologije na gubitke uslijed
tranzita. Svaki elektroenergetski sustav povezan u interkonekciju, pored planiranog uvoza
ili izvoza električne energije za vlastite potrebe, prenosi i određene količine električne
energije uslijed tranzita koje uzrokuju gubitke u njegovoj prijenosnoj mreži. ITC
mehanizam koncipiran je tako da se na temelju ulaznih podataka (ostvarena prekogranična
razmjena, topologija i gubici u mreži, vertikalno opterećenje sustava) odredi koji sudionici
kojim sudionicima moraju isplatiti naknadu za uzrokovane gubitke. Svaki TSO dostavlja
ukupno opterećenje sustava na prijenosnoj mreži, trošak gubitaka, detalje o dodjeli
kapaciteta koji nisu u skladu sa smjernicama za upravljanje zagušenjem.
Svaka stranka može provjeriti podatke od drugih ITC strana, a svaki OPS je dužan jednom
mjesečno najkasnije 10 dana nakon svakog obračunskog mjeseca dostaviti šest
snapshotova. Snapshot predstavlja snimak stanja elektroenergetske mreže koji sadrži
topologiju mreže, agregate, terete koji su bili na mreži u datom trenutku i model 400 i 220
kV mreže. Za ITC izračun se uzima treća srijeda u mjesecu i prethodna nedjelja, datoteke
03:30, 11:30 i 19:30, te se spomenute datoteke aproksimiraju na cijeli mjesec. Na osnovu
podataka koji se dostave kroz ITC mehanizam, pojedini OPS može primiti novac, ali i
platiti nekom drugom OPS-u. U pravilu ako je OPS veliki uvoznik ili izvoznik i uzrokuje
zagušenja u mreži drugog OPS-a, onda on plaća, a OPS koji tranzitira energiju preko svoje
mreže, u pravilu stvara veće gubitke, što znači da će dobiti naknadu kroz ITC mehanizam.
ITC mehanizam ima kompleksan izračun koji sadrži razliku gubitaka djelatne snage,
troškove gubitaka, WWT kompenzaciju, Final Net Position II. ITC mehanizam predstavlja
crnu kutiju sa puno ulaza i izlaza gdje svaki operator unutar RG CE plaća ili prima novce,
a suma novaca na kraju mora biti jednaka nuli. |
| Abstract (english) | Croatian Transmission System Operator (hereinafter: HOPS) as a member of
ENTSO-E participates in the ITC (English "Inter Transmission System Operator
Compensation"; hereinafter: ITC mechanism) mechanism and therefore, on a monthly basis,
analyzes the losses caused by transit through its power grid. Losses caused by transit have a
positive sign if neighboring and sometimes more distant TSOs affected the power flows on
the HOPS transmission lines, while they have a negative sign if the HOPS affected the power
flows of other TSOs.
The paper describes the ITC mechanism in general, analyzes the impact of transit on
power flows through transmission lines and the resulting losses, as well as the impact of
topology changes on losses due to transit. Every electric power system connected in an
interconnection, in addition to the planned import or export of electricity for its own needs,
also transmits certain amounts of electricity due to transit that cause losses in its transmission
network. The ITC mechanism is designed in a such way that is based on the input data
(realized cross-border exchange, network topology and losses, vertical load of the system),
it is determined which participants must pay compensation for the losses caused to
participants. Each TSO submits the total system load on the transmission network, the cost
of losses, details of capacity allocations that do not comply with the congestion management
guidelines.
Each party can check data from other ITC parties, and each TSO is obliged to submit
six snapshots once a month no later than 10 days after each accounting month. Snapshot is a
snapshot of the state of the power network which contains the network topology, aggregates,
loads that were on the network at a given moment and the model of the 400 and 220 kV
network. For the ITC calculation, the third Wednesday of the month and the previous Sunday,
files 03:30, 11:30 and 19:30 are taken and the mentioned files are approximated to the whole
month. Based on the data submitted through the ITC mechanism an individual TSO can
receive money, but also pay to another TSO. As a rule, if the TSO is a large importer or
exporter and causes congestion in the network of another TSO then it pays. The TSO that
transits energy through its network, as a rule creates greater losses which means that it
receives compensation through the ITC mechanism. The ITC mechanism has a complex
calculation that includes the difference of active power losses, cost of losses, WWT
compensation and Final Net Position II. The ITC mechanism represents a black box with
many inputs and outputs where each operator within the RG CE pays or receives money and
the sum of money at the end must be equal to zero. |
